1474: An Indian named Quauhtlatoatzin was born in Cuautitlan.
1476: Juan de Zumarraga was born in Spain.
1492: Christopher Columbus landed on an island in the Americas and named it San Salvador.
1514: The first Marian Shrine in the New World was established in the city of Higuey, the first to be built on American soil.
1519: Hernan Cortez landed in Mexico.
1521: The capital city of the Aztecs fell under Cortez.
1524: The first 12 Franciscans arrived in Mexico City.
1525: The Indian Quauhtlatoatzin was baptized by a Franciscan priest. He received the Christian name of Juan Diego.
1528: Friar Juan de Zumarraga arrived in the New World.
1529: Death of Juan Diego’s wife, Maria.
Year of the apparitions to Juan Diego
1531: Year of the apparitions to Juan Diego
1533: The first shrine was erected
1541: Franciscan priest and early historian of New Spain “Motolinia” wrote that some nine million Aztecs had become Christians.
1548 : Death of Juan Diego.
1555: In the Provincial Counsel, the second archbishop of Mexico, Alonso de Montúfar, formulated canons that indirectly approved the apparitions.
1556: Archbishop Montúfar began the erection of the second church.
1560: A document known as the Valeriano Relation was written by an Indian named Antonio Valeriano. Also known as the Nican Mopohua.(between 1540 and 1580).
1564: An image was carried on the first formal expedition to the Philippine Islands.
1567: The new church ordered by Archbishop Montufar was completed.
1570: Archbishop Montufar sent an oil painted copy of the image of Guadalupe to King Philip II of Spain.
1571: Admiral Doria carried a copy of the image aboard his ship during the Battle of Lepanto and attributed the victory over the Ottoman Empire forces to the Virgin of Guadalupe.
1573: The “Primitive Story” was written by the historian Juan de Tovar, who transcribed the story from a still earlier source, probably Juan Gonzalez, Bishop’s Zumarraga’s translator. (Discovered in the Mexican national Library Archives.)
1647: The image is covered with glass for the first time.
1648: The priest Miguel Sanchez published a work entitled “Image of the Virgin Mary, Guadalupan Mother of God” in Mexico City, in Spanish.
1649: Luis Lasso de la Vega published the “Huey Tlanahuicoltica”, telling the story in Nahuatl. It refers to earlier Nahuatl sources.
1666: A formal inquiry and investigation was conducted by the Church from February 18 to March 22 in order to give authority to the tradition.
1695: The first stone of the new shrine was laid. The shrine was solemnly dedicated in 1709.
1723: Another formal investigation was ordered by Archbishop Lanziego y Eguilaz.
1737: The Most Holy Mary of Guadalupe was chosen as the patroness of the city of Mexico.
1746: The patronage of Our Lady of Guadalupe was accepted for all of New Spain, which then embraced the regions from northern California to El Salvador.
1746: The knight Boturini Benaducci promoted the solemn and official coronation of the image.
1754: Benedict XIV approved the patronage of New Spain and granted a Mass and Office proper to the celebration of the feast on December 12.
1756: Famous painter Miguel Cabrera published his extensive study of the image in the book called “American Marvel”.
1757: The Virgin of Guadalupe was declared patroness of the citizens of Ciudad Ponce in Puerto Rico.
1767: The religious of the Society of Jesus were expelled from the Spanish dominions, and the image was taken to various parts of the world.
1895: The coronation of the image took place, with pontifical authority and the attendance of a large part of the episcopate of the Americas.
1910: Pope Saint Pius X declared the Virgin of Guadalupe Patroness of Latin America.
1911: A church was built on the site of Juan Bernardino’s home.
1921: A bomb placed beneath the image exploded, causing great damage, but nothing happened to the tilma.
1924: A very important 16th century source documenting the miracle was found in Peru by anthropologist M. Saville. It is a pictorial calendar known as the Codex Saville and shows the image of our Lady located in the position representing the year 1531.
1928: A coronation of the image took place in Santa Fe, Argentina.
1929: First documented note was made of an apparent reflected image of a man’s head in the right eye of the Virgin, by photographer Alfonso Marcue.
1935: Pius XI extended the patronage of the Virgin of Guadalupe to the Philippines.
1945: Pius XII stated that the Virgin of Guadalupe was the “Queen of Mexico and Empress of the Americas” and that she had been painted “by brushes that were not of this world”.
1946: Pope Pius XII declared her to be the Patroness of the Americas.
In the Year 1951: an incredible discovery
1951: Examination of the image by Carlos Salinas. Apparent reflection of a man’s head in the right eye of the Virgin observed.
1956: Dr. Torroela-Bueno, an ophthalmologist, examined the eyes of the Virgin on the tilma.
1958: Dr. Rafael Torija-Lavoignet published his study of the Purkinje-Sanson effect as exhibited in the Guadalupan image.
1961: Pope John XXIII prayed to her as Mother of the Americas. He addressed her as Mother and Teacher of the Faith to the peoples of the Americas.
1962: Dr. Charles Wahlig, O.D. announced the discovery of two images apparently reflected in the eyes of the Virgin when studying a photograph enlarged twenty five times.
1966: Pope Paul VI sent a Golden Rose to the Basilica.
1975: The glass was removed so the image could be examined by another ophthalmologist, Dr. Enrique Grave.
1976: Dedication of the new Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe, located four miles from central Mexico City.
1979: Dr. Philip Callahan took 40 frames of infra-red photographs of the image. Later concluded that the original image is unexplainable as a human work.
1979: Pope John Paul II called her the “Star of Evangelization”, knelt before her image, invoked her motherly assistance and called upon her as Mother of the Americas.
1979: Dr. Jose Aste-Tonsmann announced the discovery of at least four human figures apparently reflected in both eyes of the Virgin. Dr. Tosmann used sophisticated image processing techniques with digitized photographs of both eyes.
1988: The liturgical celebration of Our Lady of Guadalupe on December 12 was raised to the status of a feast in all dioceses in the United States.
1990: Juan Diego was declared Blessed by Pope John Paul II at the Vatican.
1990: Pope John Paul II returned to the Basilica in Mexico City. Performed the beatification ceremony of Juan Diego.
1992: Pope John Paul II dedicated a chapel in honor of Our Lady of Guadalupe in St. Peter’s Basilica.
2002: Juan Diego was canonized in a ceremony presided by His Holiness John Paul II in the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe, on July 31, 2002. It was his 5th pastoral visit to Mexico.
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