Virgin. Mary, true mother and virgin mother, is part of the dogmatic doctrine of the Church in two fundamental moments of ecclesial life: the Eucharistic meal and baptism. The motive is obvious: Mary’s true [...] asked: “Do you believe in Jesus Christ, the Son of God, who was born of the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary ? ” (Apostolic Tradition 21, French text by B.BOTTE, SC 11 bis, Cerf 1968, p. 84) These documents [...] prophets, apostles and martyrs: this is a doctrinal commemoration of the mystery of the incarnation where Mary played a unique and essential function. The Church of the 3 rd century incorporates and fixes in a

_______________________________________ Father Rene Laurentin Comment la Vierge Marie leur a rendu la liberté (How the Virgin Mary Gave Them Back Their Freedom), Editions Œil 1991.

the faith of the origins. Marian Shrines In Bergen, Saint Mary's Church dates back to the 12th-century. Two other churches are dedicated to Mary, one in Posgrunn, the other in Stabekk, and two chapels, [...] ___ Attilio GALLI, Madre della Chiesa dei Cinque continenti, Ed. Segno, Udine, 1997, Mary and Lutheran Liturgy Mary and Catholic Liturgy [...] severe persecution. Then, in 1607, Protestantism was proclaimed the religion of the State. Devotion to Mary was banned, the prayer of the Rosary was particular under attack; the liturgical feasts of the An

Gall, has composed a prayer to Notre-Dame des Miracles. *** "Immaculate Mother of Jesus, our Saviour, Mary, full of grace, we thank you for having said "yes" to the angel Gabriel, for having given flesh to

Catholics abandoned the Church and became Protestants. However, in the heart of the nation, love for Mary endured. In the 19th century St Clement Maria Hofbauer brought back the devotion to the Mother of [...] the afflicted," “Who consoles the afflicted,” located on the lower Rhine. This shrine dedicated to Mary is very popular and the most visited in all of Germany. In the city of Cologne, as well, there is [...] Marian shrine built around an ancient wooden statue of a Black Madonna, located in a place called “St Mary of Copper Street." This place of prayer is continually visited by great numbers of pilgrims. Similarly

Servant of Mary; Haile-Mariam, the strength of Mary; Laoké Mariam, Message from Mary; Teklé Mariam, Plant or offspring of Mary; Hapté Mariam, Gift of Mary; Walda-maryam, Son of Mary; Newaia-Maryam, Mary's treasure; [...] Mariam," Abode of Mary. Mary is venerated under the title of Waladita Amlak, the one who bore God. “Mary” appears in many Ethiopian names, a testimony of the faithful’s trust in Mary: Ghebie Mariam, Servant [...] treasure; Kafla-Maryam, portion of Mary; Kidana-Maryam, promise of Mary; Baeda-Maryam, protected by Mary, etc. Certain that the prayer of Mary to her Son can only be answered, the Ethiopians consider their

26 -38). Montfort invites us to pray "in Mary"! Saint Luke and the Magnificat Saint Luke shows us also that the prayer of Mary is first of all a Magnificat: Mary teaches us to remember the great things [...] We should not be afraid of the cross, but also never carry the cross without Mary’s help, because Mary is the mother. Mary is the one who loves life and directs our hearts towards life. The cross of Jesus [...] Sinai, and the fruit of the tree of life is Jesus himself. Saint Louis Marie de Montfort used the image of the tree of life: for him Mary is the tree of life planted by the Holy Spirit, whose fruit is Jesus

Mary in the New Testament Even though Revelation only alludes to Mary in an indistinct way and the Acts simply mention her presence at the time of the Ascension and Pentecost, the Virgin Mary is continually [...] interest in the Holy Scriptures, it is natural that Mary’s emerging image is evangelical. An index of this attention are the many publications titled "Mary according to the Gospel" or similar topics. Of course [...] reflection about Christ gradually broadens, the number of elements defining the identity of Mary increases as well. Mary's fundamental identity is her maternity: she is "the mother of Jesus." Let us draw out

cathedrals) that are dedicated to the Virgin Mary. All this as well as the consecration to Mary proposed by different spiritual families who have chosen Mary as a life role model throughout Christian history [...] and founding text turn to Mary with honor and respect. It is obvious that this respect for the Mother of God has particular force and scope in the Church, which has prayed to Mary since the dawn of its Christian [...] proclaimed Mary "Mother of the Church." Similarly, the Second Vatican Council reaffirmed the importance of popular piety by confirming the legitimacy of sacred images of Christ, the Virgin Mary and other

Immaculate Heart of Mary arrived in Ouidah and consecrated the whole western coast of Africa to the Virgin. Their catechesis underlined the relationship between Mary and Christ, and between Mary and the Church [...] for Mary and trust in her. Bishop Steinmetz headed the diocese of Ouidah over a period of 60 years (1892-1952), where he taught popular and familial practices, for instance this invocation: "O Mary, help [...] in holy communion. Virgin of the Blessed Sacrament, pray for me." Today the Legion of Mary and the Daughters of Mary are organizations that have almost disappeared in Europe but that are still very active