been complex, subtle, and frequently contradictory throughout Haitian history. The emblematic use of Jesus Christ as a political, economic, and religious figure is part of everyday life. Devotional depictions

apparitions of Mary have proliferated in France. A few years before the apparition of the Sacred Heart of Jesus to St Margaret Mary Alacoque at Paray le Monial in 1673, an apparition of Mary to a young shepherdess

that her spiritual motherhood is not limited to the disciples alone, as though the words spoken by Jesus on Calvary: "Woman, behold your son" (Jn 19:26), required a restrictive interpretation. Indeed, with

justice itself." Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied Jesus expressed this very clearly and concisely in the Sermon on the Mount, when he said: "Blessed are those

woman her name. The apparition revealed her name as Mary. " ‘I come from heaven, I am the Mother of Jesus,’ she revealed to me, in a voice so soft that I had never heard the same voice in any woman or any

Lady, true charity with which from the depths of my heart I may love your most Holy Son, our Lord Jesus Christ, and, after him, love you above all other things... and my neighbour, in God and for God."

present offered themselves, the country’s capital, and the whole universe to the Sacred Heart of Jesus and the Immaculate Heart of Mary as Queen of the universe. This official act of consecration remains

three-fourths. For the Incarnation to be fully realized, nothing in the Son could be "foreign" to humans. Jesus couldn't be an "unwanted" child, or even as little as a bit "unwanted." However, since the tragedy

there is only one God, and onlyone mediator between God and humanity, himself a human being, Christ Jesus; who offered himself a ransom for all” (1 Tm 2: 5-6). The role of Vatican II in developing teaching